The Strait of Hormuz connects major Gulf energy exporters with world markets. Its importance comes from the scale of oil and gas shipments, limited alternatives and the difference between a threat to shipping and an actual interruption.
Iran and Israel’s confrontation grew from a political break after 1979, rival security strategies, armed partnerships and the nuclear dispute. Direct attacks in 2024 and the wars of 2025 and 2026 changed its scale.
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